Investigation of Equality and Diversity Strategy in an Organisation Essay - 2

Investigation of Equality and Diversity Strategy in an Organisation - Essay Example This essay explores four aspects which represent the meaningful description of HRM: a particular collection of assumptions and beliefs, a strategic force informing decisions regarding people management, the central participation of line supervisors, and dependence upon a collection of forces to shape employment relationship. HRM’s core objective is to make sure the accessibility of competent and committed employees in an organization. The other main objectives are as follows: Societal objectives: To be socially and ethically responsible towards the challenges and needs of the society. The company should utilize their resources in favor of the benefit of society. Organizational objectives: To identify the function of human resource management in bringing the organizational efficiency. Functional objectives: There must be a proper agreement between the needs of the organization and the HRM division’s service. The demands of the organization should be served well by the HRM. Personal objective: To help employees in attaining their personal objectives. Employee’s personal objective can be met when employees are maintained, preserved and motivated. Functions of HRM: To accomplish the above objectives, two types of functions are performed by HRM. The first one is managerial function and the other is the operative function. Managerial function comprises of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Whereas, the operative function comprises of procurement of workers, development of employees, compensation function, integration, maintenance function, separation function, career development, and performance appraisal. Operative functions are also known as staff functions or service functions. Other functions are performance appraisal and performance management system. The â€Å"soft approach† of HRM is best characterized by the humanist model of Harvard School, laid its emphasis upon value-added feature of HRM. It is nearly connected with a resource-based vision of the organization which considers the unique nature of implied competencies and skills of workers as the main source of economic advantage. It is f ramed by the objectives of a business, but the stress is given on those portions that make workers a distinctive resource, one which is competent in offering the competitive advantage and encourage intrinsic motivation. It treats employees as esteemed contributors towards the organization, thereby, paying attention towards their motivation, building up trust, and providing development prospects.

Kurt Vonnegut During World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kurt Vonnegut During World War II - Essay Example After the war, Vonnegut attended the University of Chicago as a graduate student in anthropology and also worked at the City News Bureau of Chicago. He described his work there in the late 1940s in terms that could have been used by almost any other City Press reporter of any era: "Well, the Chicago City News Bureau was a tripwire for all the newspapers in town when I was there, and there were five papers, I think. We were out all the time around the clock and every time we came across a really juicy murder or scandal or whatever, they’d send the big time reporters and photographers, otherwise, they’d run our stories. So that’s what I was doing, and I was going to university at the same time." Vonnegut admitted that he was a poor anthropology student, with one professor remarking that some of the students were going to be professional anthropologists and he was not one of them. According to Vonnegut in Bagombo Snuff Box, the university rejected his first thesis o n the necessity of accounting for the similarities between Cubist painters and the leaders of late 19th Century Native American uprisings, saying it was unprofessional. He left Chicago to work in Schenectady, New York, in public relations for General Electric, where his brother Bernard worked in the research department. Vonnegut was a technical writer but was also known for writing well past his typical hours while working. While in Schenectady, Vonnegut lived in the tiny hamlet of Alplaus, just across the Mohawk River from the city of Schenectady.

Bmw overview and industry trends and issues

Bmw overview and industry trends and issues BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke Group) is a one of the leading luxury carmakers European automobile industry. BMW was founded on March 7th 1916 by Franz Popp and Max Friz. BMW started out by making airplane engines for German army up until the end of WWI in 1918. BMW in this report will look at BMWs position in the European automobile industry and it will also analyse the marketing mix, Trends and issues in the industry. BMW based in the German state of Bavaria. BMW is creating and distributing a series of successful, premium-priced passenger cars and motorcycle. In 1928 BMW purchased their first car factory at Eisenach/Thuringia and with it, the license to build a small car call, Dixi. Also provides financial service to support worldwide sales and distribution of cars and motorcycles. In 2008 the company sold 1.2 million automobiles under its largest brand-the BMW. Trends and issue in the Industry: SWOT ANALYSIS My S.W.O.T analysis will define each of the Bayerische Motoren Werke (BMW) Companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths BMW group has luxury brands ranges MINI, Rolls-Royce and BMW its very popular car so its strengths of BMW. BMW current positions in market are very repudiated and loyal so company turnover and trading profit growth are also high. BMW is a reliable brand. BMW has a new technology and worlds leading premium quality of automobile manufacturer so its create good reputation of all the customer and company profit are high. BMW is a brand so everyone know that what is BMW so its good to launch a new product on market and earn to profit. Weaknesses BMW is brand so its know as a leading automobile company and very high prices so normal person has a perception that BMW prices are always high so they can affordable so its one of the BMW weaknesses. BMW are luxury cars manufacturer so its middle class people not affordable so this one also BMW weakness. Opportunities BMW image in market its good so if the new product launch its good for earning money and increase sales. BMW customer care service are good so if there any customer need any help and improved a cars so its will be consider to new other cars and launch it. BMW release a Miniseries car its successful in Europe and the US market so BMW continue with this success they offering a diesel version to be released and its really helpful to BMWs profile and brand value. So its good opportunity to release this model to other country. BMW Economy is growing by 2007 2.75 to 3.75 percent and then 2008 and 2009 its 2.5 to 3 percent so its mean more people purchasing BMWs so its good opportunities to cover the uk and other market. Threats BMW most of the model are oil and current condition are oil prices going high and high so its really one threats for the BMW so maybe they have to launch a Diesel model more than oil car model. Current situation and globalize market governments policies always changes so its one of the threats for BMW to due a tax rate and import and export his car model etc. BMW has to always know the current political issues and new legal polices so if the interest going high so its will directly effect to BMW cars. PEST ANALYSIS Political In this time budget, Gordon Brown penalize drivers of the eco-friendly cars. In budged he announced that heavy polluting cars would be higher rate of road tax  £210 a year. So its means BMW has to improved his car petrol engine so its performed longer as well as last longer life value. BMW has to always careful about launching new cars and give the proper safety equipments on it. For example BMW manufacture one of their car without any airbags that could be illegal so its they always checked all the cars and awarded that safe of the car. Economic If the interest rate going high its really effect to BMW and other company of sales and profit, its means that if the rate going high customer not buying a new cars and not investing any money. So that why BMW decrease the cars price and so not good for the BMW. Currents interest rate is 0.5% so its good for the customers to buy new cars. One of the most important point is unemployment, currents situation still many sector reseation period most of the people not doing any job so they not buy any luxury cars and any other item so its not good for BMW. Social: In current market day by day new fashion and life style will be change so its really hard to manage the customer need and what they wants so BMW always care of this which of the product customer really needs and market demand. Population also effect the BMW sales market, if the family size reducing that means they just saving a money and not buying any luxury cars and item so BMW has to control his model price and also look the customer needs. Technological: Technologies are more important factor to currents situation for BMW because all the other competitors using a new technology to give a better performance against to other company. And they improved the cars to new materials and developments. If the technologies will be increase its means BMW also promote his model through internet and other media so its really helpful increase sales and profit. Porters Five Forces Analysis Threats of new entry : In new company entering an automotive market a massive amount of capital is required. In automobile industry BMW brands are very loyal so any new customer trust to this company and buy a new car. But a new company launch in an automobile industry its really hard to manage customer and they needs. Power of buyers : In automobile industry most of the time prices are fixed. In this industry individual buyers are less power but a large buyer have a bargaining power to lower price level. BMW always buy a bulk not a single to its really help to buyers power. Power of suppliers : In BMW, powers of suppliers are low because of the high production. If the BMW switching the suppliers then it will be suppliers power will be high so automobile industry everyone doing a good relation to the suppliers so that the powers of suppliers are low and production of the company going high. Competitive rivalry : In automobile industry competitive rivalry is very high. Strong advertising and promotion brand make a different to the product. Its really easy to buy a new product to customer but its really hard to buy a suitable and good quality product. Substitution: Substitution are really affect the BMW sales because of the high price of model customer choose the same cars but a low prize on other company etc. Audi TT, Mercedes CLK who fulfill customer need. Marketing Objective BMW never publish its aim and objective because of the competition. But in my research I can find some statement the main aim would be: BMW increase sales growth in all criteria Profit maximization Growth into new market Meeting stakeholder needs Aim Objective Increase Sales Growth in all aspects of BMW Sales increase from 1.4million to 2 million by 2020. Motorbike sales increase from 100,000 to 150,000 by 2012 To raise its production capacity in China to 41,000 cars per year. Profit Maximization Increase efficiency by 3.3% in the production of cars Costs savings of  £1.6bn by 2012 without cutting jobs. Profit margins from BMWs automotive operations should exceed 8% by 2012, up from 6.3% in 2006, Growth into new markets Research in to new markets Meeting stakeholders needs BMWs share price has been slipping in recent months, so investors want it to find economies of scale and cut costs Cut average emissions by 25% by the end of 2008, in line with a voluntary industry agreement struck in 1998. www.bmw.com BMW has to improved sales and profit to consider this topic and work on it. Marketing strategy Segmentation BMW have to identify specific characteristics to improve the segmentation area. In this segmentation BMW has to look at this geographic, demographic, behavioral, and socioeconomic. Market segmentation provides guidelines for company to develop new marketing strategy and diverse product market. BMW three brands BMW, Mini and Rolls-Royce clearly focuses on international market. Geographic: In geographical segmentation divided on district, country, village, state, regions. BMW has to choose one particular geographic sector and concentrate on them. Because of the company launce a new product in new area its really hard to increase the demand but its easy to sale on old sector. So BMW will have to chances of generating profit and gaining market share in specific market. Geographically, BMW main markets are Europe and North America both are heavily manufacturing and residents are situated to buy upper market. Demographics: In this demographics segmentation divide the market into personal characteristics such as: age and family life cycle, Gender and income, race, nationality and generation also include. So BMW has to target to particular market to sell their products. Demographics segmentation is the easiest way to measure the market. Age and family life cycle: customer needs always change to grow and his life style status change so its company has to decide which product are better for particular age and their life style. Gender: BMW has to always include this point to launch a new product because of the particular area and gender its really help to BMW to increase the sale. Targeting: BMW using a particular target specific automobile market, it means different people and BMW give the different cars sector so its really help to customer find a his needs and budget cars. BMW divided the different section of the cars to customer demand. Sports convertible (Z3, 3 series and Z4), Executive (3 series, 5 series) super executive (7 series), Touring/Estate (3 series, 5 series), Grand Tourers (Z5), Super sports (M series) and 4X4 (X5). This all model BMW launce a different sector and customer needs. Positioning: BMW image has a very high to luxury cars, performance, technologically advanced, good quality this are the main factor, so BMW has a good positioning in automobile industry. Its good for the BMW because of the new company launch a same cars and cheap price but never effect to BMW sales. BMW compete to Mercedes, jaguar, Audi, Lexus so its really difficult to manage cars quality and marketing strategy. The positioning of the companies and their brands has been build up over many year sales and customer satisfaction. Evaluate and Marketing Mix Marketing mix under for heading often referred to as the 4 Ps: Product, Price, Promotions and Place. Marketing mix is really good important elements of a company plan. So BMW has to consider this point in to his strategy. Product : The Most important elements in the marketing mix is company product, because this provides the useful to know customer requirements. BMW have to develop their product into the brand that helps to create a good position on customer mind. If the BMW brand are superiority leads its help to high sales, and give the BMW power the premium price. BMW products are very high performance, technologically advanced and luxuries. This will be start middle to prestigious card. The present models are: BMW 3 Series   Sedan, Coupe, Convertible, Touring, Compact BMW 5 Series   Sedan, Touring BMW 6 Series Coupe, Convertible BMW 7 Series   Sedan BMW Z4 Roadster BMW X3 SUV BMW X5 SUV BMW M -Convertible, Coupe Mini Cooper   an independent brand within the BMW Group Rolls-Royce According to GM of BMW the management of products and brand is a key factor in marketing success. www.bmw.com Vehicle Production 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 % Change BMW 1,059,978 1,122,308 1,179,317 1,302,774 1,203,482 1,043,829 -13.3 MINI 189,492 200,119 186,674 237,700 235,019 213,670 -9.1 Rolls-Royce 875 692 847 1,029 1,417 918 -35.2 Motorcycles * 93,836 92,012 103,759 104,396 104,220 82,631 -20.7 * from 2006 including BMW G650 X assembly by Piaggio S.p.A., excluding Husgvarna Motorcycles (14,232 motorcycles)   BMW Group deliveries to customer 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 % Change BMW 1,023,583 1,126,768 1,185,088 1,276,793 1,202,239 1,068,770 -11.1 MINI 184,357 200,428 188,077 222,875 232,425 216,538 -6.8 Rolls-Royce 792 796 805 1,010 1,212 1,002 -17.3 Motorcycles ** 92,266 97,474 100,064 102,467 101,685 87,300 -14.1 ** excluding Husqvarna Motorcycles (13,052 motorcycles).   BMW Group deliveries of automobiles* by region and market (in 1,000 units) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Germany 283.6 295.9 287.7 280.9 280.9 267.5 Rest of Europe 299.7 350.8 375.0 443.6 432.2 357.3 Northern America 315.9 329.0 337.4 364.0 331.8 271.0 United Kingdom 145.3 156.2 154.1 173.8 151.5 137.1 Asia 106.4 125.7 142.1 159.5 165.7 183.1 Other Markets 57.9 70.4 77.7 78.9 73.8 70.3 http://www.bmweducation.co.uk/coFacts/view.asp?docID=73 In BMW product life cycle main points are Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline. So its true that new product has to pass all the product life cycle factors. BMW knows as good brands so it not very difficult to launch a new product in the market and also BMW international represented so all over the world. In 2010 BMW launce a new series 7 and 8 so every product has to pass on this life cycle its depend on customer demand and market strategy that how product work and what is the sales and profit. Introduction: BMW new series are straggling on introductory periods because of the customer not knows the cars feature and price and compare to other product. Starting point there is no competition and also low scale volume of product. Its really hard to create a demand of new product and BMW always launch luxury cars so its to high cost so starting point company has to lose some money. Growth: BMW new series its growing periods demand already increase and company make money so its good to for the profit also. If the cars market going high the BMW share also high. Growth periods is competitors also entry the market so BMW has to control price and technology. BMW launch a MINI brand in Europe and other markets and its really high-performance in 2002, BMW sale more than 144,000 Mini brand cars on particular periods. Maturity: In this periods most of the product are common periods and all prices are same and feature also same. In Maturity periods production cost and manufacturing cost are low and profit are also normal so its really good for company. BMW has to good competition market on this maturity periods. Decline: In this stage BMW product demand will be going down so its company due to new product launch and replace the old one. In this stage company give the discount and sales his cars so its lose for the company. BMW is a one of the luxury brands and its popular for cars in automobile industry. BMW customer sector are upper and middle class people and price rate are also premium. BMW is a brand so most of the people like to buy and BMW use a new technology and give the customer needs. Price: The price strategy has been used to BMW and other company competition. BMW is series market based around the same price. In automobile industry is large and production cost are not so important but creating the large profit is not a necessary as it would be a smaller company. In automobile Industry BMW compare with other competitors same market: **Prices are in US Dollars Models (From) Lowest price** (To) Highest price** 3 Series Sedan $29,850 $36,950 Coupe $30,500 $36,800 Convertible $37,800 $44,100 Touring $30,800 $32,550 Compact $28,100 $35,200 5 Series Sedan $39,800 $58,300 6 Series Coupe $69,300 $72,200 Convertible $76,300 $78,900 7 Series Sedan $69,300 $117,200 X3 (SUV) $30,300 $36,300 X5 (SUV) $40,800 $69,800 M Series Coupe $47,100 Convertible $55,600 Z4 (Roadster) $33,600 $40,900 Mini Cooper Rolls-Royce www.bmweduction.co.uk/companyfacts/competitors/fact1.shtm BMW has to always think about prices of the product because if the price will be high to other competitors demand will be down so its very difficult to manage price and everything will be covered. Promotion: BMW using advertising most obviously as promotion techniques, advertising has always focused on entirely on their cars with same advertising company. BMW always using advertising like media, TV, Magazine and other sources, so its really useful to new cars launches. In 2002 BMW branding campaigns use first radio for a national advertising. BMW was worked advertising agency WCRS since 1979 to develop adverts for BMW cars. BMW also use online advertising so in current situation its really help to customer find a new cars feature in online and know the price and how to get it. So advertising its really help to BMW sales. Place: Selecting a proper Place its really hard decisions for the company and particular target market. BMW has to distribution system performs logistical, transactional and facilitating. Function. BMW has to improved to select a proper place to going a business because its seems that more places your product is available, so more money youll get. BMW give a dealerships on every street but its selected areas and target market. So its really helpful decision to take a good place for the company. BMW always used one level distribution this is where it comes from the manufactures to independent dealers who then sell to the consumers. Its shows that BMW using one level of distribution so its good for BMW to contact to direct customer and know what the customer need. Recommendations: BMW cars navigation system are quite complex so its really improved to new cars. If BMW increase navigation system then its his car value must be high. BMW launch new six gas cylinder vehicle but its will be give low mileage. So BMW has to do any work on this problem and use the proper technology and improved the cars mileage. A BMW car has a limited cargo space compare to other competitors car. So BMW has to work on it and improved a new cars and then launch. Most of the customer has a perception that BMW cars are always high prices so its bad for BMW sales and profit. So BMW has to advertised and give the proper cars feature and price to customer and other media so he knows that which cars better for and what is the feature. Conclusion: BMW group has a good brand value so its really more opportunities and wide production plants and high technology give the more cars sales and increase the BMW profits. BMW is currents luxury car manufacturing companies so its brand value are very high. In currents situation cars are very important and primary transport to society. BMW earn more profit from the increasing a sales to high quality of cars and good service. BMW are loyal to the customer so they like to buy a new car. BMW group has a high standard production and efficient managements. Its future depends on the external environments and internal activities.

Machinery Hall, Centennial Exposition 1876, Philadelphia Essays

Machinery Hall, Centennial Exposition 1876, Philadelphia The "International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the city of Philadelphia" was opened on the 10th day of May in the year 1876. As it was more commonly known, the "Centennial Exposition" was America's first successful World's Fair. The fair celebrated the one hundred year anniversary of the Declaration of Independence and America's start as a sovereign nation. It was at the Centennial Fair that Americans were given a chance to display their knowledge and power in the growing industrialized world. Long gone were the days of single-structure exhibitions. The Philadelphia organizers peppered Fairmont Park with exhibition buildings and attractions, giving visitors much to look at. At the fair the United States sought to establish itself among the major countries of the world. The major buildings of the fair: Memorial Hall, the Main Building, Machinery Hall, Horticultural Hall, the Women's Pavilion and several national and state pavilions provided a suitable architectural framework for the exhibited materials. The most popular of these buildings was Machinery Hall, built to house the country's technological wonders of the past century (Snyder). Machinery Hall, "four times the space of St. Peter's" in Rome (Bruce, 150) covered an area of 558,440 square feet (including its annex). Fairmont Park was at the time the "largest and finest urban park in America" (Mass, 16). After selecting the site for the fair, the Centennial Commission held a competition for the design of the exhibition buildings offering awards to the top ten entries. The first prize was given to Collins & Autenrieth of Philadelphia whose design estimated construction ... ...usiasts to see what it was like to visit the fair first hand. Though these images are not always completely historically correct, they serve as an excellent tool for learning about the fairs. Bibliography Bruce, Edward C. The Century: Its Fruits and its Festival. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1877. Maass, John. The glorious enterprise: the Centennial Exhibition of 1876 and H. J. Schwarzmann, architect-in-chief / John Maass. New York. American Life Foundation. 1973. Snyder, Iris. (February 2000) "The Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia, 1876" University of Delaware, Special Collections Department http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/exhibits/fairs/cent.htm(25 February, 2001). Trout, Silas E. The Story of the Centennial of 1876. Lancaster, 1929. ARCH SPCEXP T825.B1T7 Westcott, Thompson. A Centennial Portfolio. Philadelphia, T. Hunter, 1876.

Bandura’s cognitive theory Essay

Introduction There are many approaches to the psychological treatment of mental disorders. While some therapists identify with particular orientation, others are more non-specific, trying various perspectives in their attempts to offer psychological treatment. Psychological treatment is based cognitive therapy, which seeks to change the way in which people think about various things and aspects of life, particularly depression. It is along this line that an American psychiatrist, Aaron Beck, formulated a theory to help in cognitive therapy. Beck’s cognitive theory serves as a basis for the treatment of anxiety and depression by addressing the causative agents of the abnormalities (Beck, 1976). Beck noted that psychological patients have the capability to tune into their internal â€Å"talk† or â€Å"dialogue† in order to alter non conducive thinking patterns. In this way, Beck noted that patients have the ability to change their thinking and therefore solve their personal problems (Beck, 1979). The distinctive feature of Beck’s cognitive theory is the presentation of the factors that affect people’s attitude, and which play an important role in contributing to or eliminating depression among individuals. Beck identified three factors- the self (cognizance of thoughts), the world or environment (which affects behavior) and the future or antecedent events as the factors that impact largely on a human beings cognitive ability and mental well-being. The three factors constitute the Beck’s cognitive triad (Beck 1976). The triad represents the types of negative depression and therefore forms part of Beck’s Cognitive Theory of Depression (Beck 1976). Beck’s cognitive theory articulates the manner in which cognitive processes are perceived in psychopathology and in provision of effective psychotherapy. Although the â€Å"biopsychosocial† (integration of biological and psychological mechanisms in solving problems) framework is used in perceiving the complexity of the human mental system, the focus of Beck’s cognitive theory is mainly on elements of psychopathology and psychotherapy. According to Beck’s cognitive theory, the essence of a disorder in a human being’s personality is portrayed in the dysfunctional opinions that characterize it and sustain its existence (Beck, 1979). Along this line, investigations that were done in the past on the association between dysfunctional cognitions and disorders in personality generally support the model of Beck’s cognitive theory (Beck, 1979). Beck’s cognitive theory of depression delineates the characteristics of ideas, which when activated or aroused in irresponsible ways, are maladaptive, or a source of mental dysfunction. Effective cognitive conceptualization would serve to correct such anomalies (Beck, 1979). Beck’s theory has a number of strengths in that among other points, it highlights that depressed people evaluate themselves in biased ways and that negative thinking of participants in research may deter the collection of accurate results in any research. On the other hand, the weaknesses include the inability of the theory to address cognitive biases and the fact that negative thinking could as well have contributed to the generalization of the theory. This paper evaluates the critical aspects of Beck’s theory and discusses the salient features of the model. In addition and evaluation of the theory’s strengths and weaknesses is given based on evaluation of the theory and models used.

Attachment – Word Count 1466

Word count 1466 Introduction: Attachment theory can be useful to highlight core and basic human needs for social interaction and proximity to others. Used as a model of human development, it can help us consider how relationships between infants and their caregivers forge and underpin the development of fundamental areas of our lives; our self beliefs and constructs of the world around us; of ourselves and expectations of others; our abilities to self regulate our emotions and feelings; our sense of curiosity, motivation and confidence to explore and learn and how we are able to relate to others and tasks/activities. In this paper I will firstly be discussing the major theorises of attachment these being John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Secondly I will explain how attachment informs in social work. ‘Among the most significant developments of psychiatry during the past quarter of a century has been the steady growth of evidence that the quality of parental care which a child receives in his earliest years is of vital importance to his future mental health’ (Bowlby. J. p11. 953) Attachment is an emotional relationship that involves comfort care and contentment. The roots of attachment were thought to be from Freuds theory’s about love, however John Bowlby is accredited with being the fore father of attachment theory. Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have a major influence on development and behaviour later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. Kennhell and Klaus said that sometime attachment is confused with the natural bonding process that takes place between mother and child, and we should be careful not to mix these too up. Bowlby believed that attachment begins in infancy and carries on throughout life, resulting in several behavioural systems that are required for survival and reproduction. Bowlby suggested that there are four central characteristics of attachment; these are proximity maintenance, this is when the child strives to stay close to the care giver enabling the child to stay safe. Safe haven, this is when the child feel scared or afraid turning to the caregiver for support and comfort. Secure base, this is when the caregiver gives the child a protected place to discover the world from. Separation distress this is when the child get upset or distressed when it is absent from the caregiver. Bowlby suggested that attachment was an element of selected relationships throughout the lifespan, even though most of his research focused on infancy. Mary Ainsworth created a method called the strange situation. The method that Ainsworth had created was to examine that bond between the care giver and the child. The method is to examine the child playing for approximately twenty minutes while the care giver and the person who is unknown to the child enters and exit the room. This method creates a familiar and unfamiliar situation for the child. For some children this type of situation can be very stressful. The case of ‘Genie’ was an extreme example of a child that had no attachment or social contact resulting in her being a feral child. She was unable to talk dress herself or toilet herself, when support was implemented within a few days progress was seen to be made, showing that even though no attachment had been made the child was still able to learn new behaviours. A striking example of adult attachment to a parent is the comment made by a 40 year old lady who had lost her mother; I never realised, until she was gone, how much my own sense of confidence depended on knowing that if I ran into trouble I could always turn to her for help and advice. Goldberg 2000 p10)in my own experience of working with adult services, I gained an understanding of how separation could have affected an elderly couple’s health. After 60 years of marriage social services where call in to assess their situation as they where no longer able to cope due to the fact the wife had senile dementia. Initially the was talk of them being home together however a standard care home would not have met the need of the wife, a nursing home was needed for her. This was seen as being detrimental to both their health due to separation. Therefore, it was seen to be better to provide them with support in their own home. In conclusion children who are securely attached tend to have trusting, long-term relationships in their adulthood. As adults and being securely attached, these same individuals have a great understanding and perspective on important relationships in their lives. They demonstrate a forgiving attitude toward their mate and tend to show compassion for others. They tend to speak of how their past experiences have influenced their present feelings and relationships. References Bowlby, J. (1953) Childcare and the growth of maternal love. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. Feeney,J. Noller,P. (1996) Adult Attachment. London: sage publications. Goldberg, S. (2000) Attachment and Development. London: Arnold publishers. Howe,D. (1995) Attachment theory for social work practice. London: Macmillan press. Smith, Cowie, Blades. online. ‘The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). Understanding Children's Development’. York College: Homepage, (http://www. ycc. ac. uk/yc/new/HUMSOC/psycho/unit1/adultatt. htm), (5 December 2008)

DOCTRINE OF LIS PENDEN S Essays - Lis Pendens, Real Property Law

DOCTRINE OF LIS PENDEN S Essays - Lis Pendens, Real Property Law DOCTRINE OF LIS PENDEN S INTRODUCTION The broad principle underlying S. 52 of the Transfer of Property Act is to maintain the status quo unaffected by the act of any party to the litigation pending its determination-even after the dismissal of a suit, a purchaser is subject to lis pendens, if an appeal is afterwards filed-if after the dismissal of a suit and before an appeal is presented, the lis' continues so as to prevent the defendant from transferring the property to the prejudice of the plaintiff . MEANING The term Lis means an action or a suit, Pendens is the present participle of " pendo "meaning continuing or pending. Lis Pendens literally means a pending suit ; and the doctrine of Lis Pendens has been defined as the jurisdiction, power or control which a court acquires over property involved in a suit pending, the continuance of the action ., and until final judgment therein. Exposition of the doctrine indicate that the need for it arise from the very nature of the jurisdiction of Curt and their control over the subject -matter of litigation so that parties litigating before it may not remove any part of the subject matter outside the power of the Court to deal with it and that make the proceedings infructuous . The Supreme Court in its recent decision in T.G. Ashok Kumar v. Govindammal explained the concept in the following terms; 9. Section 52 dealing with lis pendens is relevant and it is extracted below: "Transfer of property pending suit relating thereto.During the pendency in any Court having authority within the limits of India excluding the State of Jammu and Kashmir or established beyond such limits by the Central Government of any suit or proceeding which is not collusive and in which any right of immovable property is directly and specifically in question, the property cannot be transferred or otherwise dealt with by any party to the suit or proceeding so as to affect the rights of any other party thereto under any decree or order which may be made therein, except under the authority of the court and on such terms as it may impose." OBJECT OF THE DOCTRINE The object of S. 52 is to subordinate all derivative interests or all interests derived from parties to a suit by way of transfer of pendente lite to the rights declared by the decree in the suit and to declare that they shall not be capable of being enforced against the rights acquired by the decree-holder. A transferee in such circumstances therefore takes the consequence of the decree which party who made the transfer to him would take as the party to the suit. The principle of lis pendens embodied in Section 52 being a principle of Public Policy, no question of good faith or bona fide arises. Such being the position, the transferee from one of the parties to the suit cannot assert or claim any title or interest adverse to any of the rights and set interests acquired by another party under the decree in suit, the principle of lis pendens prevents anything done by the transferee from operating adversely to the interest declared by the decree. In Jayaram Mudaliar v. Ayyaswami ( AIR 1973 SC 569) this court held that the purpose of Section 52 of the Act is not to defeat any just and equitable claim, but only to subject them to the authority of the court which is dealing with the property to which claims are put forward. This court in Hardev Singh v. Gurmail Singh (2007) 2 SCC 404 held that Section 52 of the Act does not declare a pendente lite transfer by a party to the suit as void or illegal, but only makes the pendente lite purchaser bound by the decision in the pending litigation HISTORY The doctrine is of ancient lineage .Originating in the Civil Law, it seems to have been operative at an early date as the basis of the common law rule by virtue of which the judgment in a real action was regarded as over- reaching any alienation made by the Defendant during its pendency. In the course of the doctrine was adopted

Economical Effects Of El Nino Essays - Atmospheric Sciences

Economical Effects Of El Nino Essays - Atmospheric Sciences Economical Effects Of El Nino Economical Effects of El Nio El Nio is a warm coastal current that flows south along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru (Wyrtki). El Nio is a Spanish term meaning the child. The name refers to the Christ child because it usually begins around Christmas and ends around Easter (Cane). El Nio has recurred about twenty four times in the last century (Erickson). It is first recorded as far back as the early 1500's and returns on average of once every four years (Cane). El Nio causes much destruction in the short time it lasts. This system has been known to cause forest fires, typhoons, torrential rains, unusually powerful hurricanes, flash floods, severe droughts, and freak snow storms (Nash). The 1982 El Nio is thought to have triggered the 1982 eruption of the El Chichon volcano in Mexico. The 1982-1983 El Nio also caused so much destruction that the weather-related damage estimated at more than $6.5 billion. A typhoon named Iwa, caused by El Nio, that hit the Hawaiian Islands in November, 19823 caused $2 million in damages (Erickson). El Nio is one of the strongest weather systems known to man and can destroy lives and production, both agriculturally and economically, with very little warning at all. When a major El Nio ocean warming occurs, the barometric pressure over vast areas of the southeast Pacific falls, while the pressure in Indonesia and northern Australia rises. When El Nio ends, the pressure difference between these two areas swings in the opposite direction, creating a mass seesawing of atmospheric pressure. This phenomenon is called the Southern Oscillation. The Southern Oscillation is related to large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation over the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans. When the Southern Oscillation index is low, summer monsoon rains in India fail, and when the index is high, the rains are abundant (Erickson). An irregular oscillation of atmospheric mass occurs between the Indonesian low pressure system, and the Easter Island high press ure system. This oscillation can last for several years (Wyrtki). El Nio has an immense effect on the economy in many ways. From the 1982-1983 El Nio, weather related damage around the Pacific rim estimated at more than $6.5 billion (Erickson). El Nio has caused destructive flooding, drought in the West Pacific, and is sometimes associated with devastating brush fires in Australia (TAO). Of the past twenty-eight El Nio's twenty-two have been associated with below normal rainfall in south east Africa. The Souther Oscillation and El Nio both have significant effects on state of weather and climate almost everywhere. The 1982-1983 El Nio caused destructive winds, tides, flooding, and landslides in California, caused more than $300 million in property damages, and over 10,000 people were forced to evacuate their homes (Erickson). Due to it's size and strength, El Nio has been the focus of international attention and millions of dollars in research (Wood). As a result of the 1982-1983 El Nio, it caused a typhoon, named Iwa in the Hawaiin Islands. Iwa struck in November of 1982, and caused around $200,000,000 in damages. In Peru, El Nio has caused torrential rain fall, resulting in flooding of the once dust-dry hillsides of the Peruvian coast (Carson). El Nio has also generated warm surface waters and biological disturbances that extended southward to Chile and northward to British Columbia (Wyrtki). As for farmers in Southern Africa, they have suffered from loss of water, crop failures, and widespread hunger, consequently more than 1,000,000 people faced possible famine (Erickson). Storms following altered tracks of El Nio disrupt normal patterns of wet and dry weather as far away as Africa (Williams). El Nio has been known to provoke heavy rains in the usually dry southwest and fires in the drought stricken rain forests of Malaysia (Newshour Forum). El Nio can and has prompted catastrophic disturbances in weather with very short advanced notice. Due to El Nio ther e are different cycles in the temperature, thus creating cold years and warm years. Farmers do not like the cold years because they cause drought and crop failures, but these years are welcomed by fishermen. The cold years come on the heels of strong El Nio years. Peruvians have reason to be

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens Essay ? Charles Dickens wrote this novel because he was keenly touched by the lot of poor children in the middle decades of the 19th century. This is the reason which motivated Dickens in doing this, before writing this novel. Before he decided to this he thought of publishing leaflets instead. On the other hand some critics have suggested that Scrooge’s redemption underscores what they see as the conservative individualistic and patriarchal of Dickens Carol Philosophy. Dickens own experiences influenced him a lot in why he wrote this novel and how he cares so much for the children, who were forced to hard labour in the workhouses from such young age as 12. Before the â€Å"New Poor Law† was introduced in 1834, a high percentage of young children were forced t work to make sure that them and their families did not die of starvation. There was a well known prison called the â€Å"The Marshelsea†, it became know in the 19th century around the world through the writing of the English novelist Charles Dickens. His father which was there in 1824 for a debt of ? 40 and 10 shillings however Dickens most traumatic experience was when he was forced to leave school at the young age of 12 to work in a factory instead. Dickens already had ideas of how to use these types of experiences in a novel. Some of the social conditions such as the new poor law have been shown in the â€Å"Christmas Carol† in this particular quote: â€Å"The Treadmill and the the poor law in full vigour then? † â€Å"Both very busy sir†` This quote proves to us that Dickens used his novel to express the social conditions through it. Dickens used Scrooge as the main character to show that wealthy people always have a responsibility to help those less fortunate. He clearly shows this view at the end of the novel where he gives a young boy money to buy a turkey for the Crachit family. The family isn’t the richest but has a really warm heart. Crachit tries showing Scrooge that life is not all about money and also that he should try to move on and forget about Bella. Scrooge had a really bad experience when Bella marries someone else because she told him that he cares about money more than her. Scrooge somehow had to overcome this tragic event in his life and since then he has not been able to celebrate a successful eve without thinking of her for even a moment. In much earlier in the novel 3 old men come up to Scrooge asking for money to donate to people for Christmas, however Scrooge is a cold hearted person so instead of donating a few shillings he says â€Å"Bah Humbug. † The main character of â€Å"A Christmas Carol† is Ebenezer Scrooge. He is an elderly man who lives in London, his sister died leaving a son whose name is Fred. In addition to this Ebenezer has no family. He is a very rich banker. Scrooges clerk Bob Crachit is a middle–aged man who has six children. Ebenezer is thin and has a slight hunchback, coal grey hair and a wrinkled old face, on which he has reddish eyes, a long pointed nose and thin blue lips as cold as ice. Like his employee Bob is very well dressed. Let’s take a look at Scrooge first, before he got visited by the spirits he was a very stingy person and only cared about his own interests. He couldn’t manage to share his money and was not sensitive to the suffering of others. Ebenezer was even harsh to his employee who never cheated, is reliable, hardworking and had to endure the bad behaviour on him. Bob is satisfied with not owning anything and having no money at all. Bob is satisfied with not owning anything and having no money at all, however the only things that matter for him and make him happy are the small but the most important things in life which is his family. After Scrooge got visited by the ghosts he changed positively and you could even say that was similar to Crachit. Just like he likes Christmas, is a good and open to others, joyous and happy. He even started to share money with the poor and expressed his feelings by helping others. In my opinion Scrooge turned into a better character and I admire his sudden transformation into a better human being. Bob Crachit’s characteristics are that he is poor, has a big family, young and takes care of his close ones, joyful and nice. The crachit family live in a small cosy home but they don’t have enough money to decorate it with luxuries because the most important thing for them is too have enough money for coal/fire so that they would be warm, however most importantly all they want to happen is for Tiny Tim to be a healthy again. The miraculous transformation that Scrooge has made makes us aware that good change is never too late. Also that money cannot buy happiness you just have to share it with other people to make something good of it. A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. (2017, Feb 22).

Management (potential automated systems) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management (potential automated systems) - Essay Example Automation has implications for both the engine and deck departments. One of the primary responsibilities of the deck department is safe navigation. They are responsible for communicating with other ships, communicating with the vessel tracking system, planning safe courses, executing courses, and avoiding collision with other ships. When executing manoeuvres, the deck department communicates the required changes in engine speed to the engine room, where the appropriate adjustments are made. Automation plays a major role in the deck department, and prototype systems suggest that automation may play an even more important role in the future. Automation in the deck department began with the development of the radar, and has progressed to radar enhanced with automated radar plotting aids. More recently, the electronic chart display information system is beginning to replace paper charts. Perhaps the most advanced automation systems are artificial intelligence systems that combine naviga tion and ship performance information to provide routing and manoeuvring suggestions to the crew. Other developments include more advanced autopilots that enhance fuel efficiency, and complex combinations of engine, rudder, and thruster's controllers that enable the watch officer to dock the ship without need for multiple tugboats. Several countries are working to develop fully integrated bridges that combine elements of all these automated systems to produce an integrated suite of navigation and ship control aids. These changes may make it possible for a single person to act as the helmsman, lookout, and watch officer. (Dicken, 2003) Similar changes have occurred in the engine department. Older ships operate with a 24-hour watch consisting of a wiper, a water-tender, a fireman, and an engineer. However, technology has automated many aspects of the engineering department and has made unattended engine rooms possible. Automation supports planned maintenance with computerized schedules of maintenance tasks. Automation also supports predictive maintenance by tracking changes in vibration signatures of engine components and providing sophisticated ultrasound data that verify the structural integrity of system components. On these ships, the engine room is monitored remotely and engineers perform maintenance during normal work hours. (Dicken, 2003) Automation Pros & Cons Automation on modern ships has begun to blur the distinction between the deck and engineering departments. In older ships, a bell system relayed bridge commands to the engine room, where the engines were manually adjusted to meet bridge orders. Now, direct control from the bridge allows the deck department to implement engine speed changes directly. In addition, displays on the bridge convey data that were once only available to the engineering department. Providing deck personnel with data from the engine room imposes new demands on them. These changes may introduce new knowledge requirements regarding interpretation of engine room data similar to those found in the process control domain. Introducing remote monitoring systems distances mariners from a wide variety of potentially useful information (smells, noises, vibrations) only available in the engine room

The environmental and economic effects of local coal mining Research Paper

The environmental and economic effects of local coal mining - Research Paper Example Towards the northern end potatoes, wheat is grown along with cattle that are used to make dairy products. Towards the southern end farmers grow corn, tobacco and because the ground is flatter, poultry which provides eggs. The valleys of the Appalachian Mountains are ideal to grow alfalfa, hay and apples. Most of the forests that cover the ancient mountain range consist of hickories, maples and oaks. In the fall they change color from deep green to orange and crispy brown. The trees are chopped off for their wood and then taken to North Caroline furniture makers. The peaks are rich in coal, thus coal mining has emerged as a major industry and provides employment to many natives of the Appalachian Mountains. The upper land is also rich in mineral resources such as Iron, stone and crude oil. Of course the vast timber forests are worth their weight in gold as the international demand for timber for various chemical and furniture industry rises. Tourism is also a booming industry which provides a steady source of income for most people living on the mountain tops. There is a Mount Mitchell National Park which was established in 1915 and named after the scientist Dr. Mitchell who was the first one sent to the mountain to collect the accurate data on its height. He fell to his death while he was climbing one of the mountains in the Appalachian range. Mining for various minerals have taken the toll on the mountain range and their inhabitants. Mining especially, surface mining where the surface is blasted off and the mineral collected and in strip mining where a side of a mountain is due in and then the mineral is accessed. When we consider mining for coal we have to consider two things, the heat trapping carbon dioxide it generates and the solution to the environment damage that is incurred when the cheap source of fuel is dug out of the ground in massive quantities. Never has the question been so vital to survival more

Does Complimentary and Alternative medicine provide adequit pain Term Paper

Does Complimentary and Alternative medicine provide adequit pain relief compared to pharmacological means - Term Paper Example For temporary pain relief, I positioned the patient with pillows in the way she preferred, massaged the patient’s legs, and encouraged her to go through deep breathing exercises to make her less focused on her pain. After informing the doctor that the patient is complaining of irretractable pain and a history of osteoarthritis, the doctor changed her pain regime to include muscle relaxant and physical therapy to improve her range-of-motion (ROM). After a short period of time, the patient was able to get up and walk. Pain management is common health care practices that most primary nurses failed to master. Since it is common for primary nurses to deal with patients who are suffering from chronic pain, it is essential for nurses to increase their knowledge on how to effectively manage the patients’ pain. Based on the fact that nurses are not permitted to prescribe pharmacological drugs such as opioids in managing the patient’s pain, I find it very interesting to se arch for alternative ways that can effectively minimize the patients’ pain. ... As compared to the use of pharmacological means, this study will focus on discussing whether or not CAM can provide adequate pain relief to patients with chronic pain. After discussing the differences between CAM and pharmacological-based drugs, this report will conduct a literature review in determining the health care benefits of incorporating the use of CAM in pain management. Eventually, the proposed change in the plan of care and how these changes can be initiated will be tackled in details. Differences between Complimentary and Alternative Medicine and Pharmacological-based Drugs Complimentary and alternative medicine is â€Å"a form of healing arts that is not taught in a traditional Western medical schools that could promote options to the use of conventional medicine† (MedicineNet.com, 2007). It is basically â€Å"a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not currently considered to be a part of a conventional medicine† (Garrow & Egede, 2006). In most cases, the research study of Barnes, Powell-Griner, McFann & Nahin (2004) revealed that the commonly used CAM therapies includes: prayer for self (43%), natural products like herbal medicines, teas, and vitamins (18.9%), deep breathing exercises (11.6%), meditation (7.6%), chiropractic (7.5%), yoga (5.1%), massage (5.0%), diet-based therapies (3.5%), and acupuncture (1.1%). Pharmacological medicines are mostly chemical-based drugs. Often times, these drugs should be prescribed by the doctors. When treating pain, common drugs use includes opioids class drugs (i.e. morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, and oxycodone among others) which could provide the patients with analgesic effects to minimize the patient’s perceived pain (Mercadante et al., 2010; Murray & Hagen,

The character of Othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The character of Othello - Essay Example He is proud, and a good husband, but he is vulnerable to the vicious slanders of others who resent his presence among them. Othello himself is obviously deeply loved by Desdemona, and he claims that â€Å"She loved me for the dangers I had passed† (Act I, Scene 3), which Desdemona agrees with. He is highly thought of as a soldier, and apart from Iago, most people respect him for his achievements. Part of the crisis that occurs in this play has to do with the social context of a non-Christian outsider coming in to Western society and taking on high position in court and the hand in marriage of a desirable white woman. Diyanni puts the blame for Othello’s downfall squarely on the influence of Iago: â€Å"Othello’s language later in the play reveals his decline from a courageous and confident leader to a jealous lover distracted to madness by Iago’s insinuations about his wife’s infidelity† (DiYanni, 2004, p. 927). It is true that Othello is dri ven to distraction by the second-hand tales of assignations between Desdemona and her alleged lover Cassio. One criticism that could be made of Othello is that he is not a very good judge of character. He is duped by Iago, and he accepts the account of events that he is given, and the piece of evidence in the form of the missing napkin is enough to convince him that something untoward has happened. The way he goes about finding out the truth is deceitful, since he makes up an excuse to ask Desdemona about the napkin, and this shows that he is gullible, and easily led when it comes to matters of romance. Desdemona is a feisty woman, but she shows admirable deference to her husband’s authority. It is a pity that he did not trust her word and give her the same loyalty and respect that she gave to him. The real tragedy of Othello’s character is that he jumps to a wrong conclusion and kills his wife in haste, not because he hates her, but because he loves her, and he has bu ilt his whole life, and his military career, on being a good and upright husband to her. Seeing her run off with someone else would make other people laugh at him, and he is extremely angry, even to the point of cursing her with the words â€Å"Damn her, lewd minx! Oh damn her, damn her!† (Act III, Scene 4). He is deeply hurt, because he thinks she has deceived him, despite all their vows and his absolute loyalty and commitment to her. There is a violent side to Othello, and he imagines all kinds of ways of killing her, with an emphasis on destroying her beauty and emphasizing his power over her. Although this reaction is very extreme, it is also understandable, and even in modern times the newspapers are full of stories of masculine rage being taken out on former partners when relationships break up. It is very human to feel this way, and the audience can identify at least with how he feels, even if they do not agree with what he does about that feeling. There is evidence in the last scene that Othello comes to realize his error, not just in distrusting his wife, but also in thinking ill of other people involved in the story. Even though he is not a Christian, he displays all the features of a Christian penance, asking forgiveness of Cassio, and admitting that he has done something terribly wrong. He mentions the fact that he

European Law Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Law Paper - Essay Example Moreover, by virtue of Section 6(3) any person born in Ireland becomes an Irish citizen if that person does not have the right to citizenship elsewhere. Pursuant to Section 6(1) and (3), the Irish authorities approved an Irish passport for Catherine in September 2000. Since the UK no longer applies the doctrine of jus soli (recognition of the citizenship conferred by any of its territories), Catherine was not automatically entitled to be recognized as a national of the UK under the British Nationality Act 1981. The facts reveal that Mrs. Chen went to Ireland for the purpose of enabling Catherine (the child she was pregnant with at the time) to become a citizen of Ireland and to therefore permit her to take up residence within the UK with Catherine. The court at first instance determined that Ireland is a part of the Common Travel Area under the Immigration Acts. As such Catherine as opposed to Mrs. Chen is entitled to move around the UK and in Ireland as she chooses to. However, Mrs. Chen and Catherine did not have the right to live in the UK under UK law. The Secretary of State for the Home Department denied an application for a permit to reside in the UK to Mrs. Chen and Catherine on the grounds that Catherine who was an infant was not asserting EC Treaty rights pursuant to Regulation 5(1) of the EEA Regulations and Mrs. Chen does not have a right to live in the UK pursuant to Regulation 5(1) of the EEA. Mrs. Chen appealed this decision to the Immigration Appellate Authority. The Appellate Authority ordered a stay of the appeal until such time as a reference to the Court of Justice could be determined. The questions referred to the Court of Justice generally asked for a determination of whether or not Directive 73/148, Direction 90/364 or Article 18 of EC Treaty read together with Articles 8 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights

The Good Leader Assessing Hugo Chavez's Presidency using the ideas set Research Paper

The Good Leader Assessing Hugo Chavez's Presidency using the ideas set forth by Joseph Nye in The Power to Lead - Research Paper Example He contends that such an evaluation can be made on the basis of a leader’s ethical conduct, and their effectiveness. However, in the context of Chavez’s leadership, we will restrict the discussion to his effectiveness. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning some of Nye’s other themes, including the distinction between ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ power, and his argument that the most successful leaders are able use a combination of the two, deployed according to the situation. His ideas on ‘hard power’ and ‘soft power’ – the latter referring to coercive means, and the former to attraction and persuasion – are well-known2, but in this latest book Nye also develops the concept of ‘smart power’ – that is, the successful and effective combination of both types. In this regard, the most effective leader is the one who is able to understand changing environments, and exploit events and trends to f urther their policies with a variety of techniques. As we will see, Chavez, while more effective in the early years of his presidency, has tended in recent years to use hard power almost to the exclusion of soft power, with diminishing returns in terms of effective rule. The efficacy of his policies is becoming less and less sure, and it is doubtful whether he will be able to face future challenges without having to rely more and more heavily on coercion and force, as his support dwindles. Smilde argued that despite all of this, ‘A clear majority is satisfied with a government they feel works on their behalf’3, but given recent election results, and some disturbing trends in Chavez’s policies, such a proposition is increasingly difficult to support. Chavez can still rely on his political allies to defend his effectiveness as a leader, as was displayed in an article penned by the Venezuelan ambassador to the United States, Bernardo Alvarez Herrera4, which sought t o defend the President’s record, arguing that Chavez’s many critics fail to recognize the efficacy of his social policies. He makes the controversial suggestion that their assertions that Chavez would destroy democracy have been disproven, although that is doubtful, as we will see below. He goes on to list some statistics which seem to prove Chavez’ effectiveness. A 2007 Social Panorama of Latin America report, compiled for the United Nations, found that between 2002 and 2006, poverty in the country had been reduced by 18.4%, and extreme poverty by 12.3% and recognized that the ‘swift pace of progress considerably brightens the prospects for further reductions in poverty’5. Alvarez Herrera further argues that social spending has increased by 314% in real terms in the course of the Chavez presidency, which social programs are ‘both effective and popular’, with an increase in school attendance, and social initiatives so well received that the 2006 presidential opposition candidate pledged to keep them in place in the event of his victory6. Perhaps most strikingly, Alvarez Herrera cited a 2007 Latinobarometro report, based on popular polls which apparently showed that Venezuela was rated as the top country in the region on indicators including equality of opportunity, social security, employment opportunities, and even income distribution. All this would seem to suggest that President Chavez has been an extremely effective leader, able to formulate pertinent and popular policies

European Law Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Law Paper - Essay Example Moreover, by virtue of Section 6(3) any person born in Ireland becomes an Irish citizen if that person does not have the right to citizenship elsewhere. Pursuant to Section 6(1) and (3), the Irish authorities approved an Irish passport for Catherine in September 2000. Since the UK no longer applies the doctrine of jus soli (recognition of the citizenship conferred by any of its territories), Catherine was not automatically entitled to be recognized as a national of the UK under the British Nationality Act 1981. The facts reveal that Mrs. Chen went to Ireland for the purpose of enabling Catherine (the child she was pregnant with at the time) to become a citizen of Ireland and to therefore permit her to take up residence within the UK with Catherine. The court at first instance determined that Ireland is a part of the Common Travel Area under the Immigration Acts. As such Catherine as opposed to Mrs. Chen is entitled to move around the UK and in Ireland as she chooses to. However, Mrs. Chen and Catherine did not have the right to live in the UK under UK law. The Secretary of State for the Home Department denied an application for a permit to reside in the UK to Mrs. Chen and Catherine on the grounds that Catherine who was an infant was not asserting EC Treaty rights pursuant to Regulation 5(1) of the EEA Regulations and Mrs. Chen does not have a right to live in the UK pursuant to Regulation 5(1) of the EEA. Mrs. Chen appealed this decision to the Immigration Appellate Authority. The Appellate Authority ordered a stay of the appeal until such time as a reference to the Court of Justice could be determined. The questions referred to the Court of Justice generally asked for a determination of whether or not Directive 73/148, Direction 90/364 or Article 18 of EC Treaty read together with Articles 8 and 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights

University of Phoenix Scavenger Hunt Essay Example for Free

University of Phoenix Scavenger Hunt Essay Which three reviewing services are available to students through the Center for Writing Excellence? For a quick check, you can use WritePoint, which will do a more thorough Word-style grammar and spelling check. For more specific questions and comments, you can use the Tutor review which gives more detailed explanations and a much more thorough check. Also, the Plagiarism checker is nice for making sure you are following correct citation rules and not pulling too much information from one source. Which resource in the Tutorials Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence offers tips about how to format a paper? * APA format and Style checker What are the University of Phoenix’s suggested resources for academic writing formatting and grammar guides? (Hint: This information is located in the Center for Writing Excellence) * Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association * University Library 1. What are the three major article databases found in the University Library? * EBSCOhost; Thompson Gale PowerSearch and ProQuest. Name three specialized article databases in the University Library. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center, Psych Articles, Emerald and tons and tons of others. What link would you click to ask a question of the University of Phoenix Librarian? The â€Å"Ask a Librarian† tab in the other resources. * Course Information 1. From your student Web site, how do you access your reading assignments for this course? From the â€Å"Materials† tab at the top of the screen. What chapter from the text Keys to College Studying is part of the reading assignment for Week Four of this course? Chapter 3. Where on your student Web site will you be able to find your schedule and course grades for all courses completed to date? From the â€Å"Grades† tab. Learning Teams 1. What six documents are contained in the â€Å"Toolkit Essentials† section of the Learning Team Toolkit? * Learning Team Handbook, Online Campus Learning Team Handbook, Learning Team Log, Learning Team Evaluation, Learning Team Charter, and Guide to Completing the University of Phoenix Learning Team Charter. * According to the Learning Team Toolkit section, â€Å"Why Learning Teams? † what are the four essential functions filled by Learning Teams that are especially beneficial to working adult learners? * It can make assignments better, it is a place for learning and maintaining new knowledge through other viewpoints, it gives a place to share information and is a community where people can learn how other people are handling school and life. Student Services 1. What is the phone number for University of Phoenix technical support? (Hint: Use the â€Å"Help† button in the top right corner of the page. ) * 1-877-832-4867 Where can you find information about who to contact for questions regarding student disabilities? * On the â€Å"University Diability Services† tab. What three National Testing Programs does the University of Phoenix award credit for? * DANTES, CLEP and Excelsior Name one form of misconduct in the Student Code of Conduct. (Hint: The Student Code of Conduct is located in the Academic Catalog). * Plagarism in any form.

Role Of Transportation In Economic Development Of Pakistan Tourism Essay

Role Of Transportation In Economic Development Of Pakistan Tourism Essay It is defined in term of gross domestic product (GDP) and market production. It is increased the number of goods and services produced by an economy in defined time period. Introduction: Motorway network of any country is of vital importance of its economic development and effect positive on different fields of economy. An economy seems to developed and industrialized if widespread transport system. It is extremely difficult to put the economy on the high rapid path without an efficient transport system. An efficient communication system is essential for trade, national commerce and integration. Pakistans economic development depends upon improvements and modernization of its transport system. In 1947 depends on roads was only 8 %, now it is more than 96% of inland freight and 92% of passenger traffic. Now it is a backbone of Pakistanis economy. Motorway boost Pakistan economy Motorway increase positive effect on production, Supply and employment Fiscal impact of motorway Motorway and land use Motorway speedy access to labour, education, Health. Motorway transport and poverty Motorway and environment National Highway Authority (NHA) It is responsible for the development and maintenance of national highways and motorways. The total length of roads under the NHA is 12000 which accounts 4% of the entire road network and take 80% of Pakistans commercial traffic. Road density is an indicator of development. Current road density is 0.32 km/km2, which is much less even from regional standard. The government wants to bring double digit of 0.64 km/km2. Pakistans current road network is now more than 260000 km. Pakistans motorways are part of Pakistans National Trade Corridor Project, which aims to link Pakistans three Arabian Sea ports (Karachi Port, Port Bin Qasim and Gwadar Port) to the rest of the country and further with Afghanistan, Iran, India, Central Asia and China. M-1 Motorway Islamabad to Peshawar Pakistans motorway (M-1) 155 km 6-lane, linking Peshawar, Charsada, Noshera, Sawabi, Attock, Burhan, Hasanabadal to Islamabad capital of Pakistan, has been operational since 30 October 2007. It has become a vital link to Afghanistan and Central Asia and is expected to take much traffic off the highly used N5. It is safe way of NATO supply line to Afghanistan. It is the most beautiful motorway of Pakistan crossing river Sindh and river Kabil. M-2 Motorway Islamabad to Lahore Pakistans first motorway, the 367 km 6-lane M-2, connecting the Pakistan capital Islamabad and Lahore, was constructed by South Koreas Daewoo Corporation and was inaugurated in November 1997 in Nawaz Sharif Govt and was the first motorway to be built in South Asia. It is strategic road during war using as emergency run way. The M-2 is a motorway in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is 367 km long and connects Lahore with Islamabad. It passes through Kala Shah Kaku, Sheikhupura, Khanqah Dogran, Kot Sarwar, Pindi Bhattian, Sial Morr, Kot Momin, Salem, Lilla, Kallar Kahar, Balksar, and Chakri before ending just outside the twin cities Rawalpindi and Islamabad. It then continues on to eventually become the M1 motorway linking the twin cities with Peshawar. The M-2 crosses the junction of the M3 (to Faisalabad) at Pindi Bhattian. It has connected best places for tourists like Hiran Minar, Waris Shah Tomb, Khewara mine, salt range, Citric fields, Rice fields and Kalar Kahar Jheel. M-3 Motorway Pindi Bhatian to Faisalabad Pakistan motorway (M-3), the 54 km 4-lane linking the Pindi Bhattian Arch bridge Junction on the M-2 with Faisalabad. Initially, it was planned to have 6-lanes, however, due to the shortage of funds, it was decided to reduce the number of lanes to 4 with an option to upgrade it to 6-lanes in future. Construction of the M-3 began in May 2002 and it was completed ahead of schedule in September 2003 at a cost of Rs 5.3 billion. It was inaugurated and opened for traffic on 2 October 2003. Now industrial Area of Punjab Govt is being constructed on Sahinwala interchange. (M-4) Motorway Faisalabad to Multan It has length of 233 km 4-lane, began on 19 August 2009 with breaking ceremony performed by Pakistans Prime Minister, Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani. There is working on progress at two constructions Phase Faisalabad to Gojra and Khanewal to Multan. It will link Multan with the M-3 Motorway at Faisalabad. The M4 will begin Faisalabad interchange at the Sargodha Road of Faisalabad. It will continue on a southwest course connecting the cities of Faisalabad, Jhang, Gojra, Toba Tek Singh, Shorkot, Khanewal and Multan. Once at Khanewal, it will merge onto the N5 temporarily until the M5 is complete.. The M4 will be constructed in four stages (i) Faisalabad-Gojra (58  km), (ii) Gojra-Shorkot (61  km), (iii) Shorkot-Din Pur-Khanewal (65  km) and (iv) Khanewal-Multan (65  km), whereas two large bridges will be constructed on the River Ravi and Shadhnai Channel. Estimated cost is USD 601 million. M-5 Motorway Multan to Dera Khazi Khan It is a planned 4 lane motorway that will link Multan with Dera Ghazi Khan. It will be constructed after the completion of the Faisalabad Multan (M-4) Motorway. M-6 Motorway Dera Ghazi Khan to Ratodero It is a planned 4 lane motorway that will link Dera Ghazi Khan with Ratodero. It will be constructed after the completion of the Multan to Dera Khazi Khan( M-5) Motorway. M-8 Motorway Ratodero To Gawader The 892 km 4-lane M-8 is under-construction in Sindh and Balochistan provinces. Initially, it will have 2 lanes with a further 2 lanes planned. The 4 lane motorway will be upgradable to 6 lanes. Once completed it will directly link the port city of Gwadar with the rest of Pakistans motorway network at Ratodero where it will link up with the M-6 Dera Ghazi Khan-Ratodero Motorway. M-9 Motorway Haiderabad to Karachi Hyderabad-Karachi Super Highway is in the process of being upgraded into a 6-lane access-controlled motorway designated the M-9. Expression of Interest (EOI) was invited by the National Highway Authority (NHA) in May 2011. The NHA awarded the Rs. 24.93 billion contract to the Malaysian construction company on Built Operate Transfer (BOT) basis in January 2012. The proposed 136-km long motorway will be completed in three years. Patrolling and enforcement National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP) is responsible for enforcement of traffic rules and safety measures, security and free flow of traffic on the Pakistan Motorway network. The NHMP use heavy jeeps, cars and heavy motorbikes for patrolling and help purposes and uses day and night vision speed cameras for enforcing speed limits. It is friendly and corruption free police in Pakistan. SIGNIFICANCE OF TRANSPORTATION AND ITS SENERIO: Road transport is the backbone of Pakistans transport system. The 9,574 km long National Highway and Motorway network, which is 3.65 percent of the total road network, carries 80 percent of Pakistans total traffic. Over the past ten years, road traffic, both passenger and freight, has grown significantly faster than the national economy. Currently, it is accounting for 91 percent of national passenger traffic and 96 percent of freight. Port traffic in Pakistan grows at 8 percent annually in recent years. Two major ports, Port Karachi and Port Qasim, handle 95 percent of all international trade. Port Gwadar, which was inaugurated in March 2007 and is being operated by Singapore Port Authority, is aiming to develop into a central energy port in the region. 14 dry ports cater to high value external trade. Pakistan Railways (PR) has a broad gauge system (with a small network of meter gauge in the South East). The network consists of the main North South corridor, connecting the Karachi ports to the primary production and population centers in Pakistan. The track is in good condition with an axle-load of 23 tons and maximum permitted speeds of 100/110 kph. There are 36 operational airports. Karachi is Pakistans main airport but significant levels of both domestic and international cargo are also handled at Islamabad and Lahore. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), the major public sector airline, though facing the competition from a few private airlines, carries approximately 70 percent of domestic passengers and almost all domestic freight traffic. The transportation sector accounts for about 10.5 percent of the countrys GDP and 27.4 percent of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) in FY06. It provides over 6 percent of employment in the country and receives 12 to 16 percent of the annual Federal Public Sector Development Program (PSDP). Government agencies dominate the sector. Although the sector is functional, its inefficiencies with long waiting and traveling times, high costs, and low reliability are dragging the countrys economic growth. These factors also reduce the competitiveness of the countrys exports, increase the cost of doing business in Pakistan, and constrain Pakistans ability to integrate into global supply chains which require just-in-time delivery. The poor performance of the sector is estimated to cost the economy 4-6 percent of GDP each year. Roads Over half the national highways network is in poor condition, and the road safety record is poor. The countrys truck fleet is mostly made up of obsolete, underpowered, and polluting vehicles, and trucks are often grossly overloaded. Truck operating speeds on the main corridors are only 40 50 kph for container traffic, half of the truck speeds in Europe. For trucks carrying bulk cargoes, the journeys take 3-4 times longer than in Europe. Bridge between South Asia and South West Asia; Iran and Afghanistan are energy abundant while India and China are lacking of. China finds way to Indian ocean and Arabian Sea through Korakaram. China with its fastest economic growth rate of 9%; is developing its southern provinces because its own port is 4500 km away from Sinkiang but Gawader is 2500km away. Pakistan offers to CARs the shortest route of 2600 km as compared to Iran (4500 km) or Turkey (5000 km). Land locked Afganistan now at the phase of Reconstruction, finds its ways through Pakistan. Gawader port with its deep waters attracts the trade ships of China, CARs and South East Asian Countries. Hypothesis of the study: The research study will examine the impact of motorways on Pakistan Economy. I will describe the relationship between motorway and economy. H1: There will be positive impact of motorway on Pakistan Economy which is assumption of proposal. H2: There will be negative impact of motorway on Pakistan economy which is against of H1. H3: There will be effective relationship of motorway with Pakistan economy. H4: There will be ineffective relationship of motorways with Pakistan economy. ASSUMPTION OF STUDY Limitations: Time constraints of the semester require less time than may be ideal for an ethnographic study. By being in the organization for only four hours a week for five weeks, there are bound to be aspects of leadership practice, organizational culture and team communication that will not be revealed during my observations. Being an outsider may also limit what is revealed to me. The team members may be guarded in their conversations around me, especially in my initial observations. [Describe conditions beyond your control that place restrictions on what you can do and the conclusions you may be able to draw] Delimitations: I am choosing not to observe multiple teams, even though such comparisons might be valuable, in order to allow more depth of understanding regarding the group on which I will focus. Additionally, I will not use structured interviews in order to minimize my obtrusiveness and my influence on the team members. [Describe the boundaries of the study that you determine] OBJECTIVE OF STUDY There will be following main objective of my research. Economic growth Private Sector Development Regional Cooperate Social growth Description The overall objective of the study will be to provide the Government with a detailed implementation plan for the motorway corridors, and to prepare the highest priority project ready for award and implementation using an appropriate public-private partnership model. (i) Pakistan road sector; (ii) the project preparation phase to prepare a project for the selected motorway link; and (iii) the procurement preparation phase to prepare necessary documents and prerequisites for procurement process. Linkage to Country/ Regional Strategy to reduce logistics cost and increase the countrys global competitiveness. The overall objective of the road network is to reduce logistics costs in Pakistan through the promotion of (i) more efficient logistics in the production sector, (ii) more efficiency in the transport sector, (iii) the development of private sector logistics businesses, (iv) better facilitation for international trade, and (v) better human resource development. Within the road subsector, the Government intends to pursue its overall goal of reducing logistics costs and maintaining or increasing the countrys regional competitiveness primarily within the framework of these five areas. A number of challenges and constraints must be overcome to achieve this goal within a reasonable period, including (i) developing a broadly based financing plan that reaches well beyond the dependence on normal yearly budget allocations; and (ii) making significant changes to Pakistans legal and contractual frameworks to provide the environment essential for the introduction of innovative public private partnerships. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Considerable progress has been made in the transport and communication sector during the current fiscal year. During July-March 1999-2000, the total length of roads in the country was 249,959 km, including 138,726 Km of high type and 111,233 km of low type. Total number of motor vehicles on roads stood at 4.085 million during the same period. The construction work on Islamabad-Peshawar Motorway which started in 1998, is expected to be completed with the cost of Rs.26 billion by December 200:1. Pakistan Railways network consists of 7,791 route km during July-March, 1999-2000. Its major assets include 582 locomotives, 2,029 passenger coaches and 22,247 freight wagons. During 1999-2000 (July-March) it carried 49.2 million passengers and 3.8 million tons freight and its gross earnings stood at Rs.7,208 million. The network of Pakistan International Airlines covers 37 international destinations and 35 domestic stations covering almost all parts of the country. Its fleet consists of 48 aircrafts of varied types. Presently, three .private airlines i.e. Shaheen Air International, Bhoja Air Line and Aero Asia are operating on local and international routes, while the fourth private sector airlineSafe Air International is operating on domestic routes only. The country has two major sea ports namely, Karachi Sea Port and Port Qasim. Beside, two Fish Harbour-Cum-Mini Ports are being developed at Gawadur and Keti Bunder. The Karachi Port has handled 18.0 million tons of cargo during July-March, 1999-2000, compared with 1.7.6 million tons of cargo during the corresponding period of last year. Pakistan is now connected with most of the countries of the world through international gateway exchanges. Value added services such as internet, E-mail, cellular mobile telephone, optical fiber system, card pay phone, paging services etc. are now available in the country which are providing innovative and modern services to the consumers. At present, about 21,000 customers are connected through internet, whereas the total number of internet users in Pakistan upto March, 2000 are 120,000. There are more than 3.8 million telephone lines, out of which about 3.03 million lines are connected to the customers, 2,663 telephone exchanges, 1,362 NWD exchanges, 10,256 VHF PCOs, 393 telegraph offices and 112 customer service centres are working in the country. The estimated number of TV and VCR sets in the country as on June 30, 1999 were 3.035 million and 0.136 million respectively. As on March 31, 2000, the TV and VCR sets are estimated to be 3.150 million and 0.136 million respectively. Pakistan is an emerging market for automobiles and automotive parts offers immense business and investment opportunities. The total contribution of Auto industry to GDP in 2007 is 2.8% which is likely to increase up to 5.6% in the next 5 years. Auto sector presently, contributes 16% to the manufacturing sector which also is expected to increase 25% in the next 7 years. Pakistan, with 155 million people, has a reasonably developed transport infrastructure. Road transport is the backbone of Pakistans transport system. The 9,574 km long National Highway and Motorway network, which is 3.65 percent of the total road network, carries 80 percent of Pakistans total traffic. Over the past ten years, road traffic, both passenger and freight, has grown significantly faster than the national economy. Currently, it is accounting for 91 percent of national passenger traffic and 96 percent of freight. Port traffic in Pakistan grows at 8 percent annually in recent years. Two major ports, Port Karachi and Port Qasim, handle 95 percent of all international trade. Port Gwadar, which was inaugurated in March 2007 and is being operated by Singapore Port Authority, is aiming to develop into a central energy port in the region. 14 dry ports cater to high value external trade. Pakistan Railways (PR) has a broad gauge system (with a small network of meter gauge in the South East). The network consists of the main North South corridor, connecting the Karachi ports to the primary production and population centers in Pakistan. The track is in good condition with an axle-load of 23 tons and maximum permitted speeds of 100/110 kph. There are 36 operational airports. Karachi is Pakistans main airport but significant levels of both domestic and international cargo are also handled at Islamabad and Lahore. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), the major public sector airline, though facing the competition from a few private airlines, carries approximately 70 percent of domestic passengers and almost all domestic freight traffic. The transportation sector accounts for about 10.5 percent of the countrys GDP and 27.4 percent of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) in FY06. It provides over 6 percent of employment in the country and receives 12 to 16 percent of the annual Federal Public Sector Development Program (PSDP). Government agencies dominate the sector. Although the sector is functional, its inefficiencies with long waiting and traveling times, high costs, and low reliability are dragging the countrys economic growth. These factors also reduce the competitiveness of the countrys exports, increase the cost of doing business in Pakistan, and constrain Pakistans ability to integrate into global supply chains which require just-in-time delivery. The poor performance of the sector is estimated to cost the economy 4-6 percent of GDP each year. Methodology This presents an overview of the methods to use in the research. It shows the research design, population, sample and sampling techniques, data collection and analysis. Research Design The study will involve the evaluating the role of motorways in the Pakistan economy. It will be effect at regional countries like China, Central Asia, Afghanistan and India. Consequently, the research will be designed to achieve the objectives set out by research. Population The transport sector of Pakistan is playing an important role in the economy. The ministry of communication is main controlling authority on motorways for planning and construction. The ministry of communication including their Departments like National Highways motorway police, National Highway authority and Transport research center essential for operational process. The targeted population for the study thus includes the following Ministry of communication (FEDRAL) National Highway authority (NHA) National Highways Motorways police (NHMP) National transport research center (NTRC) National trade corridor improvement program (NTCIP) Frontier works organization (FWO) The Main cities (Population) liked with motorways Sample The research belongs to impact of all motorways of Pakistan but in sample I will discuss only Lahore Islamabad Motorway (M-2) Only such department belonging to M-2 will be considered. The questionnaire and date will be collected only for M-2. Sampling and Sampling Technique It obvious from the population above that a census is not feasible in this study. Accordingly, I shall adopt the survey type of research in which a sample from the target population will be used for the study. In total, a sample of 150 elements will be selected from a targeted population of 300. Details of the sample are as follows: 20 officers and official from NHA 20 officers and staff from NHMP 30 transporters and 20 passengers 20 economy experts 20 officers planning department 40 citizens near motorway The research study will adopt a multistage stratified sampling method to select elements. First, the  population will be divided into officers and officials. Next, It will be grouped into Ministries, Departments and Agencies and into Metropolitan, Municipal and Districts. This will ensure a fair representation of each group of institutions since their  operations are significantly different. Data Collection The focus of study is on attitudes and perception and the importance of primary data cannot beover-emphasised. However, secondary data will also be collected to augment the studies. Before the actual data collect the researcher will collect introductory letter from the School of  Business of the University of Cape Coast to the sampled institutions. The initial visit to the selected institutions will therefore be to introduce himself, familiarize himself with those institutions as well as seek their consent for the study. Data collection instrument The researcher will collect data by administering a questionnaire. The questionnaire will unstructured questions, consisting of approximately 20 questions divided into three sections A, B, and C. Section A will consist of seven questions seeking to answer the first research question. Section B will consist of six questions covering the second research question where as Section C will consist of questions to test the hypothesis and also answer the third research question. Table 1: Section Research Question Investigative Questions A Sample Investigative Questions SectionResearch QuestionInvestigative Questions A à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What account for the lowsupport for Internal Audit by  public sector managers? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Are you aware of the role of the Internal Auditor  in you organisation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How important do you think is the role of theInternal Auditor to your organisation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In your view, is the Head of Internal Audit placedappropriately on the organisational chart?B à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What actions are necessary toget the support of  management of internalauditing in the public sector? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Generally, how will you rank the relevance of  Internal Audit in your organisation? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What reasons account for your answer above? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do you consider the three most importantactions needed to promote Internal Auditing inthe public sector?C à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Is there a link between thequality of service the InternalAuditor provides for hisorganisation and the attitudeof managers towards theInternal Audit function? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What do you consider to be the highest achieve of  your internal audit department? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Would agree to the statement that ones  perception of the Internal Auditor is influenced byhow they perceive his role in the company? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Will your attitude towards Internal Audit bedifferent if they help you achieve your objectives? Research proposal SB/MAC/08/0005 Page 10 Most of the structured questions will be the close-ended type and respondents willbe asked to mark the appropriate box matching the correct answer. Otherquestions, however, will require respondents to give opinions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: After analytical study keeping in view their results, discussions will be suggested to solve the problem for this purpose also policy implications will be discussed. This study will be useful for the research on the topic and will provide guideline for planner and policy maker. REFRENCES www.worldbank.org.pk//PAKISTANEXTN/0,,content MDK: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorways_ of _Pakistan SACTRA. (1999), Transport and the economy. HMSO, London. Mewton, R. 1997, The costs and benefits of induced traffic on the Sydney Harbour Tunnel and Gore Hill Freeway. Masters Dissertation. University of New England, Armidale. The Institute of Internal Auditors (the IIA). (2007),The Professional Practices Framework. Florida, U.S.: The IIA Research Foundation. B., Cooper, D.R., and Schindler, P.S. (2005)  Business Research Methods,Maidenhead, McGraw-Hill

Brave New World :: essays research papers

Brave New World Final 1.) The Savage Reservation is similar to the Utopia world in several ways. They both have drugs that are designed to calm people down. Soma, used in the Utopia and mescal used in the Reservation. They both also have a separation within their own society. The Utopia has social castes and the reservation has separation between the men and women, the men having more power. The two worlds also both have ceremonies. The Utopia has the orgy porgy ceremony in which everyone gathers around and has an orgy, hence the name. The Savage Reservation has traditional dancing ceremonies like the many traditional Indian tribes have today. The two cultures have many similar ideas, just expressed a little differently. These two societies also have many different customs, ways, and styles of living. The Brave New World is clean, sanitary, and organized. Where as in the reservation there’s garbage every where, its dusty, and full of dogs and flies, the complete opposite. In the Utopia people aren’t born anymore, they are grown. Another difference between the two worlds is in the Reservation people are still born the “old fashion way.'; In the Brave New World everyone is young and pretty their whole lives thanks to chemicals and conditioning. It’s the complete opposite in the savage reservation. As seen by the old man, it’s shown that people in the Reservation age normally, loose their teeth, and get wrinkles. The reservation represents more of an old, more class time period whereas the Utopia is perhaps not to distant future gone wrong. In both societies, both of them still are imperfect but in completely different ways. 2.) When Linda was on the reservation she didn’t seem to cope with it very well. She got fat, became an alcoholic, and was just a big mess. She hated how dirty the reservation was and how there was no easily accessible hot water so she could clean things. She hated the beastly clothes she had to wear instead of her old darling clothes. Linda also didn’t like the fact that she has to mend her clothes instead of just throwing them away when they got worn and then simply just buying new clothes. She missed the soma because only mescal is available to her now, gives her a hangover which she disliked. She hated how she got pregnant with John because she was taken away from everything she loved.

Illegal Immigrants in The United States Essay -- Mexican immigrants, i

For many years, people from all over the world have come to the United States seeking a better life for themselves, their spouse, their children and even their children's children. However, not every immigrant comes into this country legally and many of these illegal immigrants are poor, uneducated and may be carrying contagious diseases. They may arrive here via human trafficking, smuggling or other methods. There is one thing we know for sure that many of them choose to remain silence when they become victims. The three main reasons they become invisible victims are they are not aware they are victimized, they don't know the right way to ask for help and they are afraid to be fired or even deported. Illegal immigrants in the United States usually come from less developed countries or at least poorly developed regions of these countries. These illegal immigrants carry a totally different knowledge of culture, legal system and human rights when they came into this country. The most these people are victimized is when they are working, sometimes, these people can't even realized when they have become victims. Because of their status, illegal immigrants, it is very rare that they can find good positions in considerably big companies to start with. Usually, small businesses will take the risk to hire illegal immigrants, sometimes it may be because of these small businesses are trying to help those illegal immigrants who share same nationality with them, but, for most of the time, these undocumented migrant workers are much cheaper and easier to manipulate. Most illegal immigrants consider working for people who share the same nationality with them, because of language issues. When this happens, highly li... ...to provide their children a better future; some of them end up here because of human trafficking or smuggling, so they need to work hard to pay their debt. No matter what the reason is, they can't afford to lose their job or be deported back to their own country. Most of these illegal immigrants are carrying too much weight on their shoulders. Most problems are not big deals comparing to lose a job, because they believe that as long as they can keep their jobs for living in this country, there is a hope to become legal one day. Illegal immigrants victims are invisible, because they are not aware of their situation, they don't know to get help or they are afraid to be fired and deported. No matter what reasons are causing them invisible, one thing we know for sure is that these reasons are giving other people opportunities to hurt illegal immigrants.